COP27 and the ambiguity about responsibility

Subject: Environment

What is the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP)?

JETP, launched at the COP26 in Glasgow with the support of the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), France, Germany, and the European Union (EU)
JETP, is an initiative of the rich nations who propose various funding options to accelerate the phasing out of coal and reduce emissions in identified developing countries.
Approach:
- The German approach includes building not just climate partnerships, but “climate and development” alliances beyond the G-7, though largely focused on G-20 members.
Significance:
- This is significant because this approach takes into account the societal and economic development of each partner and will not try to force-feed partners a standard solution.
- That partnership—with special emphasis on the words “just” and “transition”—is about helping fund South Africa’s decarbonization by replacing coal usage with clean energy.
- At its core, the idea is to assist green transitions by making finance available from developed countries, multilateral institutions and groups of green investors.

JETP model of South Africa-

The JETP model is expected to be on the lines of the JETP programme already launched with South Africa at the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26) last year.
The countries announced a shared long-term ambition to support South Africa’s decarbonisation efforts to help meet its emission reduction targets set out in its latest Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC).
The G7 which includes France, Germany, the UK, the US and the EU, proposed financing of $8.5 billion for South Africa through various instruments such as grants, concessional loans and investments, and risk-sharing instruments, including involving the private sector.

What is the climate deal being offered to India by G7?

Following that G7 has announced a similar partnership in India, Indonesia, Senegal, and Vietnam.
The US and Germany have proposed a G-7 partnership with India to support and fund the makeover of its energy mix from fossil fuels to carbon-neutral sources.
Constituents of the deal:
reducing the number of coal-burning power plants under development,
the gradual closure of our coal mines.

India’s stand-

India argues that coal cannot be singled out as a polluting fuel, and energy transition talks need to take place on equal terms.