Countries agree on host for the Santiago Network; divergences on GST

Subject : Environment

Section: Climate change

Context:

At the ongoing COP28 of UNFCCC, nations are agreed upon to host the Santiago Network, but there is a divergence among countries on

About Santiago Network:

The Santiago Network aims to provide technical knowledge and resources to developing countries on averting, minimising and addressing loss and damage.
The United Nations for Disaster Risk Reduction and United Nations Office for Project Services have been selected as hosts.
The vision of the Santiago Network is to catalyze the technical assistance of relevant organizations, bodies, networks and experts, for the implementation of relevant approaches for averting, minimize and addressing L&D at the local, national and regional level, in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change
COP 25 in Madrid, Spain:
- Parties established the Santiago network as part of the WIM (Warsaw Implementation Mechanism), to catalyse technical assistance of relevant organizations for the implementation of relevant approaches in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change.
COP 26 in Glasgow, UK:
- COP 26/CMA 3 decided on the functions of the Santiago Network and issued a call for submissions.
COP 27 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt:
- Terms of reference for the Santiago network was adopted and established the Advisory Board of the Santiago network.
COP 28 in Dubai, UAE:
- Countries agreed upon hosting the Santiago Network.

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement:

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement recognizes that some Parties choose to pursue voluntary cooperation in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions to allow for higher ambition in their mitigation and adaptation actions and to promote sustainable development and environmental integrity.

Global Goal on Adoptation (GGA):

It was established under the Paris Agreement to enhance climate change adaptation by increasing awareness of and funding towards countries’ adaptation needs in the context of the 5/2°C goal of the Paris Agreement.
At COP26, Parties established the 2022-2023 Glasgow-Sharm el-Sheikh (GlaSS) Work Programme on the Global Goal on Adaptation to define the key elements of the goal, including the methodologies, indicators, metrics, and data sources to support the assessment of overall adaptation progress.
Negotiations around the GGA currently focus on what metrics and indicators can be used at both global and local levels to effectively monitor collective progress, while incorporating and addressing outstanding concerns on bridging the gap between the local- and context- specificity of adaptation and the need to track it at a global scale.

Decarbonisation:

The decarbonisation of the cement sector through Carbon, Capture and Storage (CCS) in developed and developing economies very slow and will take at least five years to effectively start capturing carbon dioxide (CO2).
There is the risks of leakage — the possibility of dissolution of heavy metals in drinking water through leaked CO2 in storage wells.

Sovereign debt and climate event:

Hosted by the Debt Relief for a Green and Inclusive Recovery project hosted prominent speakers such as Colombia and
The amount of resources that annually flow from poor countries to developed countries are in trillions and only 7/29 low-income countries have the fiscal space to implement actions in their National Adaptation Plans.
Developing countries export raw materials and buy industrialised products that keep them in debt.