Floriculture

Floriculture

Subject: Agriculture

Context:

The gross value of output (GVO) from floriculture in north­eastern States, barring Assam, declined.

Details:

Source-National Statistical Office data

Concept:

Floriculture:

• In India floriculture is a sunrise industry and accorded 100% export-oriented status. 
• The commercial floriculture has higher potential per unit area than most field crops.
• Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is responsible for export promotion and development of floriculture in India.

Varieties:

• Floriculture products mainly consist of cut flowers, pot plants, cut foliage, seeds bulbs, tubers, rooted cuttings and dried flowers or leaves. 
  • Cut flowers– Rose, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Gargera, Gladiolus, Gypsophila, Liatris, Nerine, Orchids, Archilea, Anthurium, Tulip, and Lilies.
    • Cut flowers are flowers or flower buds (often with some stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it. It is usually removed from the plant for decorative use.
  • Gerberas, Carnation, etc. are grown in greenhouses. 
  • The open field crops are Chrysanthemum, Roses, Gaillardia, Lily Marygold, Aster, Tuberose, etc.

Areas of Cultivation:

• Major floriculture centers-Kerala (16.5%), Tamil Nadu (13.3%), Karnataka (11.4%),  Madhya Pradesh (11.1%) and Uttar Pradesh (7%) along other producing states like Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Mizoram, Gujarat, Orissa, Jharkhand, Haryana, Assam and Chhattisgarh.
  • More than 50% of the floriculture products are produced in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh. 
• About 322 thousand hectares of the area were under Cultivation for floriculture in 2020-21 as per the National Horticulture Database published by National Horticulture Board (with the production of 2152 thousand tonnes of loose flowers and 828 thousand tonnes of cut flowers).
• The country has exported 23,597.17MT of floriculture products to the world ( worth 103.47 USD Millions in 2021-22).
  • Major Export Destinations (2021-22): U.S.A, Netherland, Germany, U.K. United Arab EMTs, and Canada .

Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) scheme:

• MIDH is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for the holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew, cocoa and bamboo.
• Nodal Ministry: The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare is implementing MIDH with effect from 2014-15.
• MIDH is implemented under Green Revolution – Krishonnati Yojana.
• Funding Pattern: Government of India (GOI) contributes 60%, of total outlay for developmental programmes in all the states except states in North East and Himalayas, 40% share is contributed by State Governments
  • In the case of North Eastern States and Himalayan States, GoI contributes 90%.
  • In the case of National Horticulture Board (NHB), Coconut Development Board (CDB), Central Institute for Horticulture (CIH), Nagaland and the National Level Agencies (NLA), GOI contributes 100%.
• MIDH also provides technical advice and administrative support to State Governments/ State Horticulture Missions (SHMs) for the Saffron Mission and other horticulture related activities Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)/NMSA.
• Components of MIDH:
  • National Horticulture Mission (NHM):
    • It is being implemented by State Horticulture Missions (SHM) in selected districts of 18 States and 6 Union Territories.
  • Horticulture Mission for North East & Himalayan States (HMNEH):
    • HMNEH is being implemented for overall development of Horticulture in North East and Himalayan states.
  • National Horticulture Board (NHB):
    • NHB is implementing various schemes under MIDH in all States and UTs.
    • It was set up in 1984 as an Autonomous organization under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and registered as a society under Societies Registration
    • Iit aims to develop production clusters/hubs for integrated Hi-tech commercial horticulture, development of Post-harvest and cold chain infrastructure, ensuring availability of quality planting material and to promote adoption of new technologies/tools/ techniques for Hi-tech commercial horticulture etc.
  • Coconut Development Board (CDB):
    • CDB is implementing various schemes under MIDH in all Coconut growing states in the country.
  • Central Institute for Horticulture (CIH)
    • CIH was established at Medi Zip Hima, Nagaland in 2006-07 for providing technical backstopping through capacity building and training of farmers and Field functionaries in the North Eastern Region.