Most Important Questions for CSE Mains 2021

  • January 5, 2022
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: Mains
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Most Important Questions For CSE Mains 2021

By Santosh Sir

Essay

  1. Is Hunger a manmade crisis
  2. Circular economy: Key to sustainable development
  3. Should Internet freedom be sacrificed for national security?
  4. Criminalization of politics and Politicization of crime in India: Status, Challenges and Remedies
  5. Why cyber security has become the national agenda?
  6. Can UBI be a panacea for poverty?
  7. Is economic slowdown cyclical or structural?
  8. Does Indian health care model needs a tweak post covid?
  9. Decarbonization of world economy: benefits, challenges, way forward or Net Zero :What , Why and How or Climate Justice :Need of the hour
  10. Are patents hinderance for global health equity?
  11. Is Women Empowerment close to becoming a reality in India?
  12. State surveillance is a threat to Indian democracy
  13. Democracy in India is a glorified myth? ORINDIAN DEMOCRACY: A MYTH OR A MISNOMER?
  14. UNSC reforms: A must to better address challenges and opportunities of the 21st century
  15. India @ 75 years: New India
  16. Vaccine nationalism: Is it every country for itself
  17. Is Secularism in crisis in India today?
  18. The era of human induced diseases
  19. Dissent is the safety valve of democracy.
  20. “If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so.”
  21. 30 years of economic reforms? Have they paid off?
  22. Should crypto be banned?
  23. The MSP is no silver bullet to resolve India’s farm crisis.
  24. State and civil society in India: collaboration and contestation?
  25. Covid and Deglobalisation

Philosophical

  1. Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be
  2. In every crisis lies an opportunity.
  3. Every cloud has a silver lining
  4. Extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures
  5. With big crisis comes big responsibility

Art and Culture

Very Important

  1. Both the Indus Valley residents and the Keeladians (Keeladi excavation-Sangam Age) were masters at water management.
  2. Dholavira presents a classic case for understanding how climate change can increase future drought risk across much of the sub‐tropics and mid‐latitudes? Explain
  3. Why Gupta age is called golden age? Was it really golden
  4. Explain the architectural style of the Indian Parliament building. In this context, discuss the contributions of Baker and Lutyens to Indian architecture.
  5. Temple was not a Vedic institution. In the light of the statement discuss the socio –economic role of temple in ancient and medieval India. Why did kings destroy temples when they attacked each one another’s kingdoms?
  6. What are the commonalities and differences between North Indian and South Indian temples? Make a diagram to supplement your answer
  7. Abanindranath brought nationalism to Indian art in 20th century Bengal.
  8. The invasion of India by Alexander, the great king of Macedon in 326 B.C. is an important event of far reaching consequence in the ancient Indian history
  9. Discuss the comparative merit of the Arthasastra, the India and Ashoka Inscriptions as sources for the administration, socio-economic and religious life of Mauryan empire

Less Important

  1. Why did it take almost 100 years after its initial discovery in 1921 to conclude DNA study of Harapan sites? What does DNA study say about Aryan Migration theory?
  2. Discuss the economy and trade of Harappan civilization. Is this the reason it became the largest and led itself to become the largest and most accomplished ancient Civilization?
  3. How Sikhism became a political force. Discuss relevance of Sikhism in solving today’s problems
  4. Kakatiyas are remembered for their monumental contribution to the Telugu culture as well as agriculture, irrigation and building technology. Comment
  5. How were Rajput paintings different from the Mughal paintings?
  6. Abanindranath brought nationalism to Indian art in 20th century Bengal.
  7. Why Chola Bronze sculptures are considered the most refined?
  8. Why were temples targeted during ancient and medieval India?
  9. Art in India had a different purpose prior to the coming of the British. Comment
  10. “There is no aspect of life, culture and activities of the Indians that is not reflected in inscriptions.” Discuss

Freedom Movement

Very important

  1. Who can be held responsible for Partition of India? What was its effect? Is its effect still felt today?
  2. Assess the contribution of Indian Revolutionaries in the freedom movement. How did the Revolutionary movements change over a period of time
  3. Discuss the contribution of peasant’s movement to the freedom struggle movement especially during 1920’s and early 1930’s. Did they succeed in their objective? Explain with the example of Malabar Mappila rebellion.
  4. Discuss the common features of tribal uprising with emphasis on Munda Rebellion. What was its impact?
  5. Civil disobedience Movement remains to be a movement unsurpassed in the history of freedom movement.
  6. Bal Gangadhar Tilak is the forerunner on the idea of Atmanirbhar Bharat. Discuss.
  7. The year 2020 marks the 150th birth anniversary of Chitaranjan Das. Discuss his contribution to the freedom struggle.
  8. Why Jallianwala Bagh is considered a turning point in India’s national movement. In this context, critically assess Non Cooperation movement.
  9. The Ghadar plan to free India from the British was a failure but it sparked a revolution
  10. Examine the contribution of AMU and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in modernising India.
  11. The title of father of the Indian Renaissance belongs to Vidyasagar. How far you agree with this? Give your arguments.
  12. The Akali movement developed on a purely religious issue but ended as a powerful episode of India’s freedom struggle. Discuss

Less Important

  1. Swami Vivekananda shaped the India secularism. comment
  2. Discuss the contribution of Brahmo Samaj and Kesab Chandra Sen in modernising India.
  3. Can Macaulay be called as the Pioneer of India’s Modernization? Discuss the impact of his education reform.
  4. Why is Jyotirao Phule, considered the “father of social revolution in India”.  Also discuss the contribution of Savitribai Phule and Fatima Sheikh.
  5. Who were Lal, Bal, Pal (extremists)? Critically examine their contribution to the freedom movement.

Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country and World History

Very important

  1. What do you understand by circular migration? Discuss with India’s example. Examine the link between migration and development.
  2. Can Universal basic income (UBI) be an alternative to subsidized poverty alleviation schemes? Critically examine. 10 marks
  3. What do you understand by Missing Women pointed by Amartya Sen in 1990? Discuss the reasons for this phenomenon. 10 marks
  4. What do you understand by glass ceiling effect? How does it affect women career prospects? How far it is existent in Indian corporate sector. 10 marks
  5. Malnourishment in India a gender problem. Do you agree? Discuss how gender discrimination is the key underlying cause of malnourishment in India. 10 marks
  6. What do you understand by shadow pandemic? Explain it with its impact on society. 10 marks
  7. What do you understand by urban sprawls? What challenges they pose to India’s urbanization? Has corona pandemic exposed India’s urbanization belly? 10 marks
  8. What do you understand by dominant caste? Discuss their role in Indian Politics in the last two decades. Why are they protesting for reservation? 10 marks
  9. What do you understand by secularism? Discuss the challenges in the secularism. 10 marks
  10. What do you understand by social empowerment? Discuss the need for overarching law to prohibit all kind of discrimination and recognize right to equality. 15 marks
  11. What do you understand by empowerment? Discuss how women empowerment is essential for achievement of sustainable empowerment. 10 marks
  12. Critically discuss the vulnerabilities faced by internal migrants in India. 10 marks
  13. What do you understand by patriarchy? How does it impact women security? 10 marks
  14. Indian workforce is masculinizing rapidly. Critically examine reasons for low female workforce participation rate in India. 10 marks
  15. What are personal/family laws? Do you think they dis-privilege Indian women? Argue for reform in family laws. 10 marks

Less Important

  1. Do you think that corona pandemic has exposed the limits of capitalism? In this light critically examine capitalist economic system. Is socialism making a comeback
  2. The League’s failure to prevent the outbreak of World War II in 1939 did not destroy the belief in the need for a universal organization. Discuss
  3. Analyze the difference between League of nation and United Nation.
  4. Nationalism aligned with imperialism led Europe to the disaster of WW I 1914.
  5. “Extreme nationalism of fascist variety has various faces in various countries, but it has everywhere in common characteristics.” Comment
  6. Discuss the background in which Nehru-Liaquat Pact was signed. Analyze the salient features of the Act.

Society

Very important

  1. Though illegal child marriages are still prevalent in India. Why? Explain the causes and consequences of child marriage in India.
  2. What is the intended objective of raising the age of marriage of women? Will it be achieved?
  3. Can Universal basic income (UBI) be an alternative to subsidized poverty alleviation schemes? Critically examine.
  4. Malnourishment in India a gender problem. Do you agree? Discuss how gender discrimination is the key underlying cause of malnourishment in India. 10 marks
  5. What do you understand by shadow pandemic? Explain it with its impact on society. 10 marks
  6. What do you understand by empowerment? Discuss how women empowerment is essential for achievement of sustainable empowerment.
  7. What do you understand by patriarchy? How does it impact women security?
  8. Critically examine the reasons for increase in drug abuse in Indian society.
  9. Critically examine the impact of globalization on Indian farmers and workers.
  10. Discuss the impact of globalization on labour in India?
  11. Who are De-notified Tribes (DNTs)? Discuss their problems
  12. Food security and gender equality are concomitant and inextricably interlinked. Discuss.
  13. Critically examine the possible adverse impact of two child norm on the society.
  14. Mental health has emerged as one of the biggest health issues plaguing individuals at all age. In this context discuss the causes and need for a new approach to address mental health.
  15. Why tradition of dowry is becoming more prevalent in India? How does it impact the status of women in society?
  16. Discuss the impact of climate change on women in agriculture.
  17. Recognizing women’s unpaid care role at homes can be a great tool for women empowerment. Critically examine.
  18. What do you understand by circular migration? Discuss with India’s example. Examine the link between migration and development. Critically discuss the vulnerabilities faced by internal migrants in India

Less Important

  1. What do you understand by urban sprawls? What challenges they pose to India’s urbanization? Has corona pandemic exposed India’s urbanization belly?
  2. What do you understand by dominant caste? Discuss their role in Indian Politics in the last two decades. Why are they protesting for reservation?
  3. What do you understand by secularism? Discuss the challenges in the secularism. 10 marks
  4. What do you understand by social empowerment? Discuss the need for overarching law to prohibit all kind of discrimination and recognize right to equality.
  5. Discuss the impact of climate change on women in agriculture.
  6. Indian workforce is masculinizing rapidly. Critically examine reasons for low female workforce participation rate in India.
  7. What are personal/family laws? Do you think they dis-privilege Indian women? Argue for reform in family laws.

Geography

Very important

  1. Discuss the locational factors behind Automobile industry and its growth trend in India.
  2. Discuss the locational factors responsible for Bangalore becoming an IT / start-up hub.
  3. Why India is called the pharmacy of the world? Discuss locational factors for its growth in India.
  4. With recent calls at climate change forums for moving away from coal. Discuss its implications for India and the world?
  5. The geopolitics of the world will shift from oil producing countries (The Petro-economies) to the rare Earth and other critical mineral producing countries (The electro-economies) in the coming years. Discuss?
  6. What is deep sea mining? Why are countries doing it? How will the deep ocean mission further government’s vision of “Blue economy”. How will deep sea mining impact the ecology and shape the mechanism to share common resources?
  7. Discuss India’s coal geography. Explain the transition from old coal geography to new coal geography?
  8. Discuss the resource base of Indian islands. Critically examine the proposal to develop them as tourist destinations.
  9. What are Rare Earth Minerals (REM)? Why it is called mineral of future?
  10. What is Lithium Triangle?
  11. Discuss the erratic nature of Indian monsoons. Possible reasons and its implications?
  12. Explain the phenomenon ‘heat dome’? What are factors behind it?
  13. Why frequency and intensity of cyclones are increasing in Arabian Sea?
  14. Explain Indian Ocean dipole? How does it impact Indian monsoon?
  15. Analyse the geological and environmental vulnerability of building of dams in Himalayas?
  16. What do you understand by Ocean Acidification? Discuss its impact. Also enumerate the measures to control it.
  17. What is permafrost? Discuss its significance in the light of climate change.
  18. What do you understand by temperature inversion? Explain its role in Delhi’s pollution.
  19. Analyse the geological and environmental vulnerability of building of dams in Himalayas?
  20. What is permafrost? Discuss its significance in the light of climate change. 10 marks
  21. What are extreme climate events? Do you think Climate Change is responsible for increasing incidents of extreme climate events in India? 15 marks
  22. What is shifting cultivation? Discuss issues related to it along with geographical distribution in the world and India.
  23. What do you understand by La Nina phenomenon? Discuss its impact on global climate and economy.
  24. What do you understand by temperature inversion? Explain its role in Delhi’s pollution.

Less Important

  1. Water scarcity: Focus on management of Groundwater:
  2. What do you understand by blue economy? Discuss opportunity and challenges for India
  3. Heat budget of the Planet Earth
  4. What do you understand by Ocean Acidification? Discuss its impact. Also enumerate the measures to control it.
  5. Heat budget of the Planet Earth
  6. IPCC report on Cryosphere and Ocean:
  7. Urbanization in focus amidst Pandemics

Polity and Governance

Very important

  1. Charter Act of 1853 introduced Parliamentary system in India. In this context, .discuss the evolution of parliamentary tradition under British Rule in India.
  2. What do you understand by freedom of religion under our constitution? Critically examine the demand for freeing temples from government control.
  3. Discuss the significance of Article 21 of the constitution. Also comment upon how SC has expanded its scope.
  4. What do you understand by basic structure? Discuss its evolution. Do you think Citizenship Amendment Bill is against the basic structure of the constitution?
  5. Discuss the features of the 6th Schedule. How does it protect the tribal interests?
  6. What do you understand by preventive detention? Discuss the safeguards the constitution provides in this regard.
  7. Do you think it is time to scrap sedition law? Examine Supreme Court interpretation of sec 124A.
  8. Is hate speech defined in Indian law? Discuss the need of compressive law in this context.
  9. The reservation scheme in India suffers from various anomalies. Discuss. Also suggest measures to remove them.
  10. Analyse the features of the 97th CAA. Why was part of it recently struck down by SC?
  11. Is Right to Protest a fundamental right?
  12. Why Article 32 is considered the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution. Examine recent observations of SC in this regard.
  13. What do you understand by freedom of religion? Does it also include right to conversion?
  14. Differentiate between due process and procedure established by law. How has due process evolved in India?
  15. Pandemic has revealed the dire need for the planning and management of our cities. Examine the present state of urban planning in India.
  16. Is GST and its propulsion of the Centre-state relationship into a fiscal war undermining the principles of cooperative federalism Do you think GST failed to factor in India’s unique Political Economy and its ramifications? Argue
  17. What is concurrent list? Why it has become a bone of contention between centre and states? How does it affect Indian Federalism?
  18. What is the MPLAD scheme? Critically examine the constitutionality of MPLAD in the light of SC judgement. Do you think it should be abolished? Give your argument
  19. The recent decision of repeal of farm bills has underlined the need for more transparency and information regarding bills that are passed in parliament. In this context discuss the need for the revival of pre-legislative consultation policy in India.
  20. Discuss the significance of question hour in the functioning of Parliament.
  21. MNREGA has become a vehicle for rural development. Discuss10 mark
  22. The Gubernatorial position of the Governor is comfortably placed in the fuzzy area between “withdrawal of the pleasure of the President” and “compelling reasons for removal.” Discuss with some recent examples.
  23. Explain why India ranks poorly GHI? Discuss solutions. Explain India’s malnourishment problem. Can fortification solve the problem of malnutrition in India?
  24. A new study reveals that despite the fact that technology has become more affordable and internet access increasingly ubiquitous, India has a sharp digital divide. Discuss steps taken by GOI to bridge the digital divide.
  25. Will digitization alone fill the gaps in Indian healthcare system? Critically examine the National Digital health Mission. What are concerns related to it?
  26. Does criminalization curb drug consumption? Critically examine NDPS Act
  27. Second Wave of COVID-19 Exposes Fault Lines in the Child Adoption System
  28. “Impartiality, independence, fairness and reasonableness in decision-making are the hallmarks of the judiciary,” In the light of the judgement critically examine Tribunals Reforms (Rationalization and Conditions of Service) Ordinance, 2021
  29. What do you understand by Alternate Dispute Redressal Mechanism? Discuss the different mechanism of ADR process in India. Asses their effectiveness. (1o Marks)
  30. Even after repeated interventions to combat hunger and malnutrition, India is still put in a low light in reports like state of food security and malnutrition by FAO. Discuss
  31. COVID-19 leaves a legacy of rising poverty and widening inequality. In this context discuss the need for basic income. 10 Mark
  32. Do you think the new amendments to the FCRA law have stifled the voluntary sector? 15 Marks
  33. What do you understand by behaviour economics concept of nudge? How can it be used in public policy? To what extent it can work in India?
  34. Discuss the role played by MNREGA during the lock down in alleviating the economic and employment crisis. 10 Marks
  35. Discuss the role and function of Competition Commission of India
  36. The absence of congruence of views on appointments to judiciary between the Supreme Court and the Union Government has had an adverse impact on judicial system. In the light of this examine the proposal to establish AIJS.

Less Important

  1. Discuss the role played by National Human Rights Commission(NHRC) in dealing with violation of human rights. Do you think it is a toothless tiger?
  2. Growing criminalization has been a constant theme of Indian politics. Analyse the reasons behind this trend. Also examine the efforts of SC to check this trend.
  3. What is “Mission Karmyogi”? How will it transform the civil service to become effective instruments of good governance?
  4. It is true that India is woefully short of trained doctors, especially in the Countryside. In this context, critically examine the proposal of NMC Bill to grant “limited” licenses to an estimated 350,000 “community health providers” to practice allopathic medicine.
  5. What is e-Court Project? Can it help to reduce the dependency of cases in India
  6. Discuss the evolution of relationship between FR and DPSP in India. What is the present status?
  7. Critically analyse the salient features of CAA, 201910 marks
  8. What do you understand by doctrine of essential religious practices? Discuss in the context of Sabarimala Judgment
  9. Discuss the need for a refugee law in India.
  10. What do you understand by good governance? Explain good governance indicators. Discuss various initiates to bring good governance in India.

IR

Very important

  1. Do you think NAM is a relic of the cold war? Critically examine its relevance. In the present geopolitical order
  2. In this context explain how diaspora diplomacy support India’s foreign goal
  3. Discuss the Indo- china border dispute. Critically review the progress in its resolution
  4. Discuss the challenge posed to India by China’s growing influence in Indian Ocean and South Asia. How can India counter this influence and safeguards it’s interest
  5. Critically assess the United Nation’s ability to provide for and uphold international peace and security. Is it still relevant? Suggest reforms to make it relevant.
  6. Explain the mandate of following
  • UNFCCC secretariat and global effort to counter climate change.
  • FAO
  • WFP
  1. Discuss the need for global minimum tax. In this context explain Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 solutions that are being pursued by the G7/G20.
  2. Discuss the mandate of Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). How far it is able to balance the interests of crude suppliers and consumers?
  3. Discuss the strategic importance of Central Asia for India. Analyze Indi’a connect Asia policy in this regard.
  4. Should climate change be included in UNSC mandate?

Less Important

  1. Critically examine the reasons for SAARC deadlock. Can BIMSTEC become a substitute to SAARC
  2. Examine the Implications of US-Taliban talks for India
  3. Discuss the role of TRIPS regime in ensuring growth of innovation. Discuss need and implications patent waiver for Covid-19 vaccine considering “Vaccine as public good
  4. The world trade body must not become an instrument to promote developed nations’ interests. In this discuss the need to reform WTO
  5. Are WTO rules in area of farm subsidies against developing countries?
  6. What do you understand by soft power? In this context explain how diaspora diplomacy support India’s foreign goal
  7. The Arctic Council has weathered away 25 years of bumpy Russia-Western Relations – but can it adapt to Climate Change?
  8. What do you understand by soft power

Indian Economy, Agri and Infrastructure

Very important

  1. What do you understand by growth inflation trade off? How big is this challenge for RBI?
  2. What do you understand by technical recession? Is Indian economy experiencing technical recession? Discuss measures to revive the growth. In this context discuss various economic revival curves
  3. What do you understand by escape clause of FRBM Act?
  4. What do you understand by monetisation of deficit? Should we monetize deficit to fuel growth? What risks are involved?
  5. What do you understand about asset monetisation? How is it different from privatisation? Discuss concerns and challenges.
  6. Discuss the role of Development Finance Institution in the economy? Can it bridge the infrastructure gap? Discuss in the context of NABFID.Why in the past they failed? Will it succeed this time?
  7. Discuss the challenge of unemployment in Indian economy
  8. What do you understand by informalisation of workforce? Explain the reasons for fall in organized sector employment. Why this trend I a cause of worry for us?
  9. Discuss the need for inclusive growth in India. Also examine how can covid pandemic impacted the goal of inclusive growth.
  10. Why MSME sector is very important for achieving inclusive growth? Discuss the endemic challenges faced by the sector.
  11. Explain the Multiplier Effect in economy.
  12. What is a unicorn? Discuss the start-up ecosystem of India.
  13. What is the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)? What are the risks in adopting CBDCs?
  14. What is a bad bank? How is it different from the existing Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) under the Sarfaesi Act? Do you think it would solve the issue of existing NPAs?
  15. What are cryptocurrencies? Discuss various concerns related to crypto currencies.
  16. What is inequality? How can it be measured? Examine the relation between economic growth and inequality. Discuss the impact of COVID pandemic on inequality in India?
  17. Analyze agri farm Bill .What are the benefits and drawbacks of the said reforms?
  18. Discuss the challenges faced by the co-operatives in India. How far the ministry of cooperation will solve those issues.
  19. What are Nutricereals?
  20. Can legalizing MSP solve the farm crisis in India? Discuss the perils of legalizing MSP.
  21. What is contract farming? Critically examine pro’s and con’s.
  22. What are the recent steps that have been taken to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses and oilseeds production in India? In this context, discuss the role of technology missions
  23. What do understand by backward and forward integration? Illustrate with respect to the food processing industry?
  24. What are FPOs? Can they help in raising farm incomes?
  25. What have been impacts of land reforms on land reforms and productivity?
  26. Why land reforms were not successful or what were Challenges in implementation?
  27. The economic growth experienced in India in recent decades has shown that growth has had an adverse impact on all development goals. Do you agree? Give reasons for this paradox? (150 words)
  28. Has 1991 economic reform resulted in inclusive growth?
  29. Indian manufacturing sector is faced with the problem of “missing middle” i.e large very small Micro and Small enterprise and very few large enterprises with missing mid-size firms. What are reasons for this phenomenon? Discuss what can be done to correct the situation.
  30. Logistics is one of the biggest constraints of Indian economy. Discuss how the draft National logistics policy will remove this constraint?
  31. What do you understand by energy intensity of GDP? Analyse measures taken to reduce energy intensity.
  32. Discuss the reasons for slowdown in Indian Economy? Is the slowdown structural or cyclical?

Environment and Disaster Management

Very important

  1. What do you understand by circular economy? How can it help in increasing resource efficiency?
  2. Is climate change increasing our vulnerability to disasters?
  3. Cyclone Disaster Management encompasses mitigation and preparedness measures for cyclones. Discuss the NDMA guideline for cyclone management.
  4. What are micro-Plastics? Discuss their effect on marine ecosystem.
  5. Human- Animal Conflict has emerged as the major challenge in managing wildlife in the country. In this context, discuss what are Human–Animal conflicts? Discuss the reasons for rising human –animal conflict and their implications. How can it be managed?
  6. Why is Solid Waste Management such a herculean task for Indian cities?
  7. What is Extended Producer Responsibility? How can it help to manage growing E waste problem in India
  8. Why is the FCA being amended? What the draft proposed amendments seek to achieve?
  9. Covid-19 is the disaster which brought the DM Act to the front stage in all the discussions including discussions focusing on efficacy of the DM Act itself.
  10. What is the net zero scenario in the context of climate change? Is it viable? How do we reach net zero by 2050?
  11. Is net zero strategy aligned with the idea of climate justice?
  12. What is a carbon market? How effective it has been in halting climate change? Discuss the food-fuel conundrum in the context of bio fuel. In this context, analyse National Policy on Biofuels–2018 (NPB–2018)
  13. Whats do you understand by Decarbonisation of economy? CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH DECARBONIZATION
  14. Biodiversity link to COVID-19 and other zoonotic diseases

Less Important

  1. How effective is climate change mitigation using afforestation? In this context analyses compensatory afforestation in India.
  2. What are community forest rights? Why it is important to recognize community forest rights?
  3. Discuss the problem of bio medical waste in India in the context of covid crisis. Also Biomedical waste rules.
  4. What is global methane pledge? Why methane is significant to climate change.

Science and Technology

Very important

  1. New draft Science, Technology and Innovation policy may be a game changer for overall science ecosystem in India. Comment. Also make a case for Innovation ecosystem in India.
  2. What do you understand by compulsory licensing? Why it is needed? Discuss Patent Rules (Amendment) 2020 in this regard.
  3. What is a TRIPS Agreement?  Critically discuss exceptions in the context of COVID -19 and demand for TRIPS waiver.
  4. Why cryptocurrencies are becoming more popular day by day? Explain the block chain technology upon which it is based. Critically examine Indian government stand on them.
  5. Discuss how 5G can help in powering Digital India?
  6. What do you understand by space tourism? Discuss its potential and challenges?
  7. What do you understand by dark web? Analyze its security implications.
  8. What do you understand by Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)? Discuss possible applications in day-to-day life.
  9. What are Superbugs? Discuss the implications of world moving into post antibiotic future?
  10. What do you understand by Genome Sequencing? Discuss its application with emphasis on personalised medicine.
  11. What do you understand by DNA fingerprinting? Critically examine the  DNA Technology (Use and application) Regulation bill, 2019
  12. What do you understand by immunity? Explain the science of immunity behind vaccine
  13. What do you understand by gene editing? Discuss its applications in agriculture
  14. Discuss the factors for the spread of zoonosis.
  15. What are Trans fats? Why are they considered bad for our health?
  16. What are drones? Discuss its application. Also analyze how UAS Rules 2021 will make India a global drone hub by 2030.

Less Important

  1. What is deep learning? Discuss its applications.
  2. What are deep fakes? Why are they termed as the biggest threat from AI? How can they be countered?
  3. Explain the quantum computers? Analyse the differences with classical computers.
  4. Discuss the application of space technology in our day to day life? What role private sector has in this regard?
  5. What is GIS technology? Discuss its application in governance.
  6. What do you understand by encryption? How does it work? Discuss the challenges associated with it.
  7. What are semiconductors? Discuss its applications of semiconductors.
  8. What is facial recognition technology? Critically examine various issues arising from its use in policing.
  9. What are bioweapons? Analyse the Biological Toxic Weapon convention in this regard.

Security

  1. Why North east region of India is insurgency prone?
  2. Discuss the Security, Economic and Development Dimensions of India’s draft Drone Policy.
  3. What do you understand by radicalization? Discuss the strategy to counter radicalization in India.
  4. Social media has become a tool misused by terrorists’ organization to radicalize youth. Discuss the threat posed by misuse of social media and radicalization. Examine India’s strategy to counter radicalization.
  5. India needs to wake up to the dire need for police reforms. In this context, analyze the Model Police Act.
  6. Terrorism finance has aptly been termed as the lifeblood of terrorism. Explain. Also examine international and national effort to curb it.
  7. Discuss the challenge of Drug trafficking and Narco-terrorism in India.
  8. India is building one of the largest centralized FRT surveillance systems in the world called the National Automated Facial Recognition System (AFRS). What are its possible applications? Why civil society is concerned about use of such technology without much debate.
  9. What do you understand by two front wars? Is India prepared for it?
  10. What is maritime security? Why it is significant? How big is presence of China a concern for maritime security of India?
  11. Discuss the role played by central armed forces in maintenance of internal security. Analyse the organizational and functional challenges faced by them.
  12. Chief Defence Staff will provide seamless coordination in higher defence management. Discuss
  13. Discuss the role and mandate of BSF. Why has the government extended the jurisdiction? Critically examine this decision of GOI.
  14. Should AFSPA be repealed?

Ethics

Very important

  1. What do you understand by conflict? How can education help to avoid conflict?
  2. What are values? Differentiate between progressive and traditional values?
  3. What do you understand by tolerance?
  4. What are social norms? How do they shape our behaviour?
  5. Discuss the ethical aspect of life vs livelihood debate.
  6. What do you understand by equity? Why it is important in climate change negotiations
  7. Discuss the psychological method of radicalization
  8. What do you understand by social influence?
  9. What do you understand by vaccine hesitancy? Discuss strategies to overcome vaccine hesitancy.
  10. What do you understand by leadership? Discuss different types of leadership with example.
  11. What do you understand by integrity? Why integrity in civil services and police services has been declining in India?
  12. What do you understand by commitment? Why commitment to a cause is welcomed but commitment to a person is abhorred in civil services?
  13. What do you understand by altruism? What can be done to encourage altruistic behaviour?
  14. What do you understand by courage?
  15. What do you understand by vaccine equity?
  16. What do you understand by fair play?
  17. What is solidarity? How it forms one of the foundational values for us as a human being?
  18. What is humility? Explain it through your own example. Elaborate how it can help public servants in serving people better
  19. “Means are as important as the end”. Comment.
  20. Discuss the significance of sympathy in building a sustainable society.
  21. What do you understand by solidarity? Discuss its importance in the context of corona pandemic.
  22. What do you understand by patriotism? Do we need to redefine patriotism?
  23. What do understand by fairness and justice? Why it is important?
  24. What is vaccine nationalism?
  25. Differentiate between retributive and reformative punishment.