National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)

National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)

Subject :Schemes

NDDB Dairy Services, a subsidiary of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), has successfully conducted field trials of sex-sorted semen usage.

Concept:

The sex-sorting semen technology

• The reproductive system of cattle is similar to humans. Cows carry XX chromosomes while bull semen carries both X and Y. If the egg is fertilized with an ‘X’ chromosome, a female calf is born and if with ‘Y’, a male is born.
• There are two techniques to produce sexed semen:
  • Sorting process– In this,  ‘X’ and ‘Y’ chromosomes are separated. ‘X’ is retained and ‘Y’ discarded.
  • In vitro killing– In this, ‘Y’ chromosomes are altogether killed.
• Sex-sorting semen technology in details:
  • Sexed semen is specially processed semen of bulls from which ‘Y’ chromosomes in sperm cells are either removed through a ‘sorting’ process or killed.
  • Semen which has only ‘X’ chromosomes can ensure that a female calf is born.
  • Cows are impregnated using sexed semen through the artificial insemination process with consumption of one straw per cow.
• Success rate-Sexed semen assures 90 per cent female births not 100 percent.
  •  In 10 percent cases, a male calf might be born despite using sexed semen because even after sorting/killing, some Y chromosomes may pass.

National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)

• It was founded in 1965 to replace exploitation with empowerment, tradition with modernity, stagnation with growth, transforming dairying into an instrument for the development of India’s rural people.
• The National Dairy Development Board, initially registered as a society under the Societies Act 1860, was merged with the erstwhile Indian Dairy Corporation, a company formed and registered under the Companies Act 1956, by the NDDB Act 1987, with effect from 12 October, 1987.
• The NDDB is an institute of national importance established by an act of the Indian Parliament and thus is a statutory body. 
• National Dairy Development Board located at– Anand, Gujarat (HQ)
• It is under the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries
• It was founded by Dr Verghese Kurien, often called ‘India’s milkman’.
• It was set up to replicate the success of Amul to the whole of India.
  • NDDB was created to boost, finance and support producer-owned and controlled organisations in the dairy industry.
  • Its activities and programmes are aimed at augmenting farmer-owned institutions and it also supports national policies that are inclined towards the growth of such organisations.
  • Its major success is Operation Flood-which ran from 1970 to 1996 (26 years) and transformed India into the largest producer of milk in the world. This is also called the White Revolution.
  • The Board has integrated more than 1 lakh dairy cooperatives in the ‘Anand Pattern’.
    • Under this, the village-level society is linked to the state dairy federation in a three-tier structure.
  • The NDDB also  implementing the National Dairy Plan (NDP)
• NDDB’s subsidiaries include Mother Dairy, Indian Immunologicals Ltd., Hyderabad (IIL), Indian Dairy Machinery Company Ltd, Anand (IDMC) and NDDB Dairy Services.

National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)

• It is involved in planning, promoting, coordinating and financing of cooperative development programmes at the national level.
• It provides financial and technical support to cooperative institutions of farmers and other weaker sections associated with agriculture and allied rural economic activities.
• NCDC’s strategy is to strengthen and develop these institutions to enable them to serve their members and to maintain a sustained growth in their income.

Brief history of the public authority

• All-India Rural Credit Survey Committee constituted by Government of India, which submitted its report in 1954, recommended that the Government of India should set up a statutory Corporation with a mandate to spearhead development of rural economic activities, other than rural credit, in the cooperative sector.
• Thus, the National Cooperative Development and Warehousing Board (NCDWB) came into being in 1956. In 1963, the Warehousing activity was separated and on 14th March, 1963 National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) was established as a nodal organization for meeting the post-harvest requirements of farmers through cooperative societies.
• The NCDC Act underwent several amendments subsequently in the years1973, 1974 and 1975, broad basing its jurisdiction, constitution of management and its activities and sources of fund mobilization.
• The NCDC Act was further amended in 2002, enabling widening of its activities to cover additional services, rural industries and non farm sector activities under its umbrella of funding. The amendment also enabled NCDC to lend directly to cooperative societies, provided security to the satisfaction of the Corporation is furnished by the borrowing cooperatives.

Duties

The functions of the Corporation shall be to plan, promote and finance programmes, through cooperative societies, for :-

the production, processing, marketing, storage, export and import of agricultural produce, foodstuffs, poultry feed and notified commodities;

the collection, processing, marketing, storage and export of minor forest produce; and

development of notified services.

List of services being provided by the public authority with a brief write up on them

The services provided are as under: –

• advance loans or grant subsidies to State Governments for financing cooperative societies for implementing programmes of cooperative development;
• provide funds to State Governments for financing cooperative societies for the purchase of agricultural produce, foodstuffs, livestock, poultry feed, industrial goods, notified commodities and notified services on behalf of the Central Government;
• plan and promote programmes through cooperative societies for the supply of seeds, manures, fertilizers, agricultural implements and other articles for the development of agricultural produce.
• provide loans and grants directly to the national level cooperative societies and other cooperative societies having objects extended beyond one State;
• provide loans to cooperative societies on the guarantee of State Governments or in the case of cooperative societies in the Union Territories
• participate in the share capital of the national level cooperative societies and other cooperative societies having objects extending beyond one State.