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Prey, habitat dictate Asiatic wild dog-tiger coexistence, says study

  • October 9, 2023
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Prey, habitat dictate Asiatic wild dog-tiger coexistence, says study

Subject: Environment

Section: Species in news

Context:

  • Overlapping prey availability or habitat suitability could dictate a positive association between dholes and tigers, facilitating co-existence or even cooperative behaviours between the two species of carnivores, a new study has found.

Details about the study:

  • Study conducted in: Western Assam’s Manas National Park 
  • Study title: ‘Do dholes segregate themselves from their sympatrids? Habitat use and carnivore co‑existence in the tropical forest’
  • Sympatric refers to animals, plant species, and populations within the same or overlapping geographical areas.
  • Findings:
    • The diurnal activity of the dholes had the highest temporal overlap with leopards and the lowest with clouded leopards.
    • The global population of adult dholes is estimated to be between 949 and 2,215 individuals, scattered in localized areas of India and Thailand.
    • The findings revealed a surprising positive relationship between dhole habitat use and tiger, rejecting the habitat exclusivity hypothesis.
    • The positive association could be attributed to factors such as overlapping prey availability or habitat suitability, which may facilitate co-existence or even cooperative behaviors between dholes and tigers.

About Dhole (Asiatic wild dog):

  • The dhole or Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) is the only endangered wild pack-living canid in the tropical Indian forests and is considered at high risk of extinction.
  • They are native to Central, South, East and Southeast Asia.
  • Dholes were once widespread across southern and eastern Asia.
  • During the Pleistocene, the dhole ranged throughout Asia, Europe and North America but became restricted to its historical range 12,000–18,000 years ago.
  • Other English names for the species include Asian wild dog, Asiatic wild dog, Indian wild dog, whistling dog, red dog, red wolf, and mountain wolf.
  • The dhole is a highly social animal. It is a diurnal pack hunter which preferentially targets large and medium-sized ungulates.
  • In tropical forests, the dhole competes with the tiger (Panthera tigris) and the leopard (Panthera pardus), targeting somewhat different prey species, but still with substantial dietary overlap.
  • IUCN Red list: Endangered
  • Factors such as habitat loss, declining prey availability, persecution, disease, and interspecific competition have contributed to the ongoing fragmentation of its populations.

Dhole range

Source: TH

Asiatic wild dog-tiger coexistence Environment

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