Schemes for Slum Dwellers and Urban Poor

  • January 2, 2024
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Schemes for Slum Dwellers and Urban Poor

Subject :Geography

Section: Economic and  Human geography  

Context:

  1. One in every six urban Indians lives in slums. In Andhra Pradesh one in every three urban households is a slum.
  2. Nine out of every 10 slum households in Odisha are either without a drainage connection or connected to an open drain.

About Slums:

  1. According to the 2011 census, around 6.5 crore of the Indian population live in slums, of which 1.18 crore live in Maharashtra.
  2. The present population living in the Indian slum is more than the British population.
  3. Some of the world’s largest slums exist in India like Dharavi Slum of Mumbai, Bhalswa Slum of Delhi, Nochikuppam slum (Chennai), Rajendra Nagar Slum (Bangalore) and Basanti Slum (Kolkata).
  4. Slums are so common that they are found in 65 per cent of the Indian towns.
  5. The number of slums has reduced from 51,688 in 2002 to 33,510 in 2012 as per 58th and 69th round Survey of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) on urban slums respectively.
  6. Regional Distribution in the country :
  • Nine states have higher slum populations than the national average.
  • Andhra Pradesh with 1% of its urban population living in slums , tops the list.
  • Other states are: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir and Haryana.

Problems Faced by Slums:

  1. According to State of India’s Environment in Figures 2019, a huge chunk of slum households in Odisha do not have access to treated tap water (64.9%) and are either without a drainage connection or connected to an open drain (90.6%).
  2. Six out of 10 slum dwellers live close to unsanitary drains and almost four of every 10 do not get treated water.
  3. Majority of the residents are rickshaw pullers, sex workers, small seasonal vendors, house maid servants with a family income ranging from Rs 1500 to Rs 3000.
  4. 11,92,428 out of 137,49,424 slum households depend on untreated water for drinking.
  5. 63% slum households in India are either without a drainage connection or are connected to open drains.

Responsibility of center and state:

  1. Development of urban infrastructure is a State subject.: It is the responsibility of the States / Union Territories (UTs) to frame policies and implement schemes for improving the quality of life for all including the poor and the disadvantaged people residing in its cities.
  2. Land and colonization are State subjects. The schemes related to housing including rehabilitation of slum dwellers are implemented by States/ Union Territories (UTs).
  3. Public health and sanitation are State subjects. The primary responsibility of strengthening public health and sanitation in all urban areas including slums lies with the respective State/UT Governments.

Initiatives taken by Government:

  1. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban):Central Assistance of Rs. 1 lakh per house is admissible for all houses built for eligible slum dwellers under the component of ISSR using land as Resource with participation of private developers.
  • Eligible beneficiaries can avail the benefit of PMAY-U through available four verticals i.e. Beneficiary-led Construction (BLC), Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP), In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) and Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS). 
  • The ISSR component of the Scheme specifically deals with slum redevelopment using land as a resource.
  1. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation(AMRUT):AMRUT was launched on 25thJune 2015 with focus on the development of basic urban infrastructure in the sectors of water supply, sewerage and septage management, storm water drainage, non-motorised urban transport and development of green spaces and parks in 500 selected cities across the country.
  2. Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM):The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched in It aims to eradicate Manual Scavenging by converting insanitary toilets to sanitary. Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid Waste Management.
  3. National Health Mission: The mission was launched in 2013 subsuming  National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) and National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) .
  4. The NHM envisages achievement of universal access to equitable, affordable & quality health care services that are accountable and responsive to people’s needs.  NHM encompasses its two Sub-Missions, The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM).
  5. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) launched in 2005 by the Ministry of Housing and urban affairs. It consists of two subcomponents namely Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) and Urban Infrastructure and Governance (UIG).
  • The UIDSSMT and UIG component was for infrastructure development with Central Assistance (CA) in small and medium towns of the States/Union Territories (UTs), whereas UIG component   was for   infrastructure    development   with   central assistance in large Cities.
Geography Schemes for Slum Dwellers and Urban Poor