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SUPER CONDUCTIVITY

  • October 25, 2020
  • Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
  • Category: DPN Topics
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Subject : Science & tech

Context : A group of researchers at University of Rochester, Intel corporation and University of Nevada in the U.S. have created a material that is superconducting at 15 degrees Celsius.

Concept :

A new material composed of carbon, hydrogen and sulphur superconducts at 15 degrees Celsius.

Superconductor

  • Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with no resistance. Unlike the more familiar conductors such as copper or steel, a superconductor can carry a current indefinitely without losing any energy. They also have several other very important properties, such as the fact that no magnetic field can exist within a superconductor.
  • Another property of a superconductor is that it will exclude magnetic fields, a phenomenon called the Meissner effect.

Advantage of superconductors:

  • Currently, superconductivity can only be achieved at temperatures far below zero, in processes that are too expensive for wider application.
  • The devices have low power dissipation, high operating speed, and extreme sensitivity.
  • Devices built with room temperature superconductors tend to be extremely efficient and entail large savings in both energy and costs.

Application:

  • Superconductors already have drastically changed the world of medicine with the advent of MRI machines, which have meant a reduction in exploratory surgery.
  • Power utilities, electronics companies, the military, transportation, and theoretical physics have all benefited strongly from the discovery of these materials.

Meissner effect

  • When a material makes the transition from the normal to the superconducting state, it actively excludes magnetic fields from its interior; this is called the Meissner effect.

Critical temperature

  • The critical temperature for superconductors is the temperature at which the electrical resistivity of metal drops to zero.
Science and tech SUPER CONDUCTIVITY
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