Hint: Here, you need to discuss how GST has impacted the centre-state relations financially and politically (Don’t get diverted by focussing on features of GST as major part). Introduction (I): One line GST introduction and changes in Constitution it makes has huge impact on the centre-state relations. Body (B): 1) Either you can […]

    Hint: The question is straightforward asking about the idea of Art 356 and how it has been abused ver the years. Use examples, court judgement etc. Introduction (I): Talk of Art 356 providing for the President rule (and what it means). You can mention Ambedkar view it being a dead letter, but experience […]

    Hint: The question is about importance of the fundamental duties and examines the statement critically (i.e., It is Indian way of life, but it may be much more). Introduction (I): Talk about fundamental duties and Part 4A. Body (B): 1) In a box you can mention major duties. 2) First talk how it […]

    Hint: The basic question about the DPSP and addressing each part here in a presentable fashion should be focus. Introduction (I): Introduce with DPSP under part 4 of the COI. Body (B): 1) Discuss its nature (non-enforceable, instructions to the government, embodies social and economic rights, fundamental in governance etc.) and mention reasons […]

    Hint: First clarify what is class legislation (applies to certain persons or class of persons, gives them privilege). Analyze briefly Art 14 position on class legislation and then present argument for and against if it is class legislation. (Refer model answer for sectional tests) Introduction (I): Briefly explain what class legislation is. (1 […]

    Hint: Highlight the Constitutional idea of equality and how the concept is of formal plus substantial equality while highlighting right to equality under the Indian constitution. Introduction (I): Introduce with Constitutional talk of right of equality as mentioned in various equality. Body (B): 1) First talk how various provisions under constitution gives formal […]