Daily Prelims Notes 10 July 2020

July 10, 2020
Posted by: OptimizeIAS Team
Category: DPN

Table Of Contents

1. Super spreader events and Clusters

Subject: Science and tech

Context:

COVID-19 is spreading fast across urban Kerala which results in multiple clusters and super spreader events. It had begun to show signs of disease transmission going out of control in the next few days.

Concept:

Super-spreaders are the infectious disease carriers who could transmit the pathogen to a large number of people.
They could be vegetable vendors, grocery and milk shop owners, petrol pump attendants or garbage collectors, who by the nature of their job carry the risk of getting infected and infecting other
Cluster refers to an aggregation of cases of a disease. A coronavirus cluster occurs when there is a concentration of infections in the same area at the same time.
In general, the World Health Organization (WHO) uses the following categories to describe transmission patterns: sporadic cases, clusters of cases and community transmission.
Sporadic cases refers to a small number of cases (one or more) that are either imported or detected locally; clusters of cases refers to cases that are clustered in time, geographic location and or by common exposures; community transmission refers to larger outbreaks of local transmission that can be defined through different approaches, including big numbers of cases not linkable to transmission chains and multiple unrelated clusters in several areas.

2. Communicable Disease

Subject: Science and tech

Context:

UP government has announced restrictions for weekend to control the spread of Covid-19 and communicable diseases.

Concept:

A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.

Some examples of the communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and malaria

3. State Reorganisation Act, 1956

Subject: Polity

Context:

States have firmed up their boundaries, to prevent and regulate movement of people and goods across nationally

Concept:

By the States Reorganisation Act (1956) and the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act (1956), the distinction between Part-A and Part-B states was done away with and Part-C states were abolished.
Some of them were merged with adjacent states and some other were designated as union territories. As a result, 14 states and 6 union territories were created on November 1, 1956.
Even after the large-scale reorganisation of the states in 1956, the political map of India underwent continuous change due to the pressure of popular agitations and political conditions. The demand for the creation of some more states on the basis of language or cultural homogeneity resulted in the bifurcation of existing states.

4. Sessions of Parliament

Subject: Polity

Context:

The fate of the Monsoon session of Parliament is still uncertain which usually happen in third week of July.

Concept:

The president from time to time summons each House of Parliament to meet. But, the maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months. In other words, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year.
There are usually three sessions in a year,viz,
the Budget Session (February to May)
the Monsoon Session (July to September)
the Winter Session (November to December)
A session of Parliament is the period spanning between the first sitting of a House and its prorogation (or dissolution in the case of the Lok Sabha).
During a session, the House meets every day to transact business. The period spanning between the prorogation of a House and its reassembly in a new session is called recess.

5. Rewa Solar Power Project

Subject: Environment

Context:

Prime Minister has inaugurated Asia’s largest solar energy plant in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh.

Concept:

India is among the top 5 nations of the world in renewable energy utilization process and this scheme will help farmers become partners in the nation’s energy sufficiency project.
The 750-megawatt ultra-mega solar power plant touted to reduce the country’s emission drastically, by an amount equivalent to 15 lakh tonne of carbon dioxide annually.
Rewa Solar Project reaffirms India’s commitment towards achieving the target of 175 Gigawatt (GW) installed renewable energy capacity by 2022.

6. ASEEM portal

Subject: Economy

Context:

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has launched Aatamanirbhar Skilled Employee Employer Mapping (ASEEM) portal

Concept:

It will help skilled people find sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Apart from recruiting a skilled workforce that spurs business competitiveness and economic growth, the Artificial Intelligence-based platform has been envisioned to strengthen their career pathways by handholding them through their journeys to attain industry-relevant skills and explore emerging job opportunities especially in the post COVID era.
Besides identifying major skills gap in the sectors and providing review of global best practices, ASEEM will provide employers a platform to assess the availability of skilled workforce and formulate their hiring plans.
Atamanirbhar Skilled Employee Employer Mapping (ASEEM) refers to all the data, trends and analytics which describe the workforce market and map demand of skilled workforce to supply. It will provide real-time granular information by identifying relevant skilling requirements and employment prospects.

7. GOAL initiative

Subject: Schemes

Context:

Ministry of Tribal Affairs hosted a Webinar along with Facebook India for sensitization of Members of Parliament (MPs) from Scheduled Tribe (ST) Constituencies of India on “Going Online As Leaders (GOAL) Project”

Concept:

GOAL (Going Online as Leaders) is an initiative launched by Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) in partnership with Facebook India to digitally skill and empower 5000 youth from tribal communities to become leaders of tomorrow by leveraging the power of digital technology.
GOAL Project is aimed at identifying and mobilizing 2500 renowned people from industry (policy makers and influencers), teachers, artists, entrepreneurs, social workers
known for their achievements in their domain areas, to personally mentor tribal youths across India.
Experts in the field of business, education, health, politics, arts and entrepreneurship among others and can inspire, guide and encourage the tribal youth to become village-level digital young leaders for their communities.
Ministry of Tribal Affairs has partnered with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology for leveraging strong network of its Common Service Centres (CSCs).

8. Mongolian Kanjur Manuscripts

Subject: Arts and culture.

Context:

The first set of five volumes of Mongolian Kanjur published under the National Mission for Manuscripts was presented to the President of India on the occasion of Guru Purnima, also known as Dharma Chakra Day, on 4^th July 2020

Concept:

Mongolian Kanjur, the Buddhist canonical text in 108 volumes is considered to be the most important religious text in Mongolia.
In the Mongolian language ‘Kanjur’ means ‘Concise Orders’– the words of Lord Buddha in particular. It is held in high esteem by the Mongolian Buddhists and they worship the Kanjur at temples and recite the lines of Kanjur in daily life as a sacred ritual.
The Kanjur are kept almost in every monastery in Mongolia. Mongolian Kanjur has been translated from Tibetan. The language of the Kanjur is Classical Mongolian. The Mongolian Kanjur is a source of providing a cultural identity to Mongolia.

National Mission for Manuscripts

The National Mission for Manuscripts was launched in February 2003 by the Government of India, under the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, with the mandate of documenting, conserving and disseminating the knowledge preserved in the manuscripts.
A unique project in its programme and mandate, the Mission seeks to unearth and preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India. India possesses an estimate of ten million manuscripts, probably the largest collection in the world. These cover a variety of themes, textures and aesthetics, scripts, languages, calligraphies, illuminations and illustrations.
The Mission has the mandate of identifying, documenting, conserving and making accessible the manuscript heritage of India.
National Mission for Manuscripts is a National level comprehensive initiative which caters to the need of conserving manuscripts and disseminating knowledge contained therein. NMM is working towards fulfilling its motto, ‘conserving the past for the future’.